

had released hundreds of its classes, free of charge, on the Internet, as a series of massive open online courses, or MOOCs. By the time he was in high school, M.I.T. Guimaraes set his sights on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In Vitória, an island city, his most ambitious peers dreamed of attending university in São Paulo, an hour away by plane. In grade school, he built a humanoid robot and wrote enough assembly code to make it zip around his home. On weekends, when Guimaraes got bored with Nintendo video games, he programmed his own. His father, who wrote software for a local bank, instilled in him an interest in computers. Gabriel Guimaraes grew up in Vitória, Brazil, in a yellow house surrounded by star-fruit trees and chicken coops.
